Therapeutic exercise
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At a glance
- DC, ChiropractorChiropractorWithin scopeChiropractic laws commonly list exercise and rehabilitation among chiropractic treatments.
- PT, Physical therapistPhysical therapistWithin scopeTherapeutic exercise is a core physical therapy intervention named in practice acts.
- PTA, Physical therapist assistantPhysical therapist assistantNot yet covered
- OT, Occupational therapistOccupational therapistWithin scopeOccupational therapy laws commonly include exercise, generally framed as supporting daily activities and function.
- OTA, Occupational therapy assistantOccupational therapy assistantNot yet covered
- AT, Athletic trainerAthletic trainerWithin scopeTherapeutic exercise for rehabilitation and reconditioning is a core athletic training service, though some states limit athletic trainers to athletic injuries and require physician supervision or direction.
- LMT, Massage therapistMassage therapistNot typicalMassage laws generally do not include prescribing therapeutic exercise, and Idaho, Montana and Pennsylvania expressly exclude it; some states allow stretching or self-care advice as part of massage.
- CSCS, Strength and conditioning specialistStrength and conditioning specialistNot yet covered
- CPT, Personal trainerPersonal trainerNot yet covered
What it is
Exercises chosen for a specific person and problem, then progressed as they improve. It sits at the center of most rehabilitation.
Names across professions
| Profession | Term in practice acts | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Physical therapist | Therapeutic exercise | |
| Athletic trainer | Therapeutic exercise | Also rehabilitation and reconditioning |
| Strength and conditioning specialist | Training | For performance, not treatment |
What the bodies say
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
CurrentCPT, Personal trainerCSCS, Strength and conditioning specialist
American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Resistance training prescription for muscle function, hypertrophy, and physical performance in healthy adults: an overview of reviews
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Hip pain and mobility deficits—hip osteoarthritis: revision 2025
CurrentAT, Athletic trainer
National Athletic Trainers' Association Bridge Statement: Management of Sport-Related Concussion
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Achilles pain, stiffness, and muscle power deficits: midportion Achilles tendinopathy revision – 2024
CurrentAT, Athletic trainerPT, Physical therapistOT, Occupational therapistDC, Chiropractor
Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport–Amsterdam, October 2022
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Heel pain – plantar fasciitis: revision 2023
CurrentPT, Physical therapistAT, Athletic trainerCSCS, Strength and conditioning specialist
Exercise-based knee and anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Hip Pain and Movement Dysfunction Associated With Nonarthritic Hip Joint Pain: A Revision
CurrentDC, ChiropractorPT, Physical therapistOT, Occupational therapist
WHO guideline for non-surgical management of chronic primary low back pain in adults in primary and community care settings
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Hamstring Strain Injury in Athletes
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Lateral Elbow Pain and Muscle Function Impairments
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Interventions for the management of acute and chronic low back pain: revision 2021
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Ankle stability and movement coordination impairments: lateral ankle ligament sprains revision 2021
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Physical Therapy Management of Older Adults With Hip Fracture
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Physical therapy evaluation and treatment after concussion/mild traumatic brain injury
CurrentPT, Physical therapistOT, Occupational therapist
Guidelines on the management of chronic pain in children
Current
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement on concussion in sport
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Patellofemoral pain
CurrentCSCS, Strength and conditioning specialistCPT, Personal trainer
Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association
CurrentAT, Athletic trainer
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
CurrentAT, Athletic trainer
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Management of Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain
CurrentPT, Physical therapist
Knee pain and mobility impairments: meniscal and articular cartilage lesions revision 2018
Superseded
Consensus statement on concussion in sport—the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016
Replaced by the Amsterdam 2022 editionCurrentPT, Physical therapist
Neck pain: revision 2017
Superseded
Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012
Replaced by the Berlin 2016 editionCurrentAT, Athletic trainer
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Conservative Management and Prevention of Ankle Sprains in Athletes
CurrentCPT, Personal trainerCSCS, Strength and conditioning specialist
Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise
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