International Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes

The IOC Medical Commission reviewed the evidence on the health risks that heat and humidity, cold and altitude pose to Olympic and other high-level athletes, and set out practical safety guidelines and research priorities.

It explains how heat load in land events depends on temperature, humidity, wind and sun, and how clothing and protective gear add to heat strain; how swimmers lose heat in water; and how cold exposure in sports such as Alpine skiing and biathlon can cause hypothermia or frostbite, though high metabolic heat and limited exposure reduce the risk. Most events are held at altitudes that pose little or no health risk.

Summarized from the published abstract; the full text was not open to us.